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Tsunamis used to be the stuff of movies and until it's
devastation in Asia, most people didn't think it was
possible for tsunamis to occur in that magnitude. With that
realization, people have become aware of the risk and
possible consequences of this natural calamity.
What is a tsunami? Tsunamis are not caused by strong winds
but by tectonic displacements (earthquakes, volcano
eruptions, landslides) that occur on the seafloor.
Earthquakes that produce tsunamis are those that reach 6.5
or more on the Richter scale. The average speed of the waves
is 300 mph and can last from 5 minutes to an hour.
In open sea, tsunamis usually go unnoticed, having
amplitudes of just 1 meter or even less. However, in some
situations, waves that enter shallow water can swell to
several feet and in some rare cases, rise high enough to
strike coastal areas with terrible force.
Who's at risk? People who live in coastal areas located
along or near the Pacific Ocean are most prone to tsunamis.
This area is most vulnerable because of seismic activity in
what is called the Ring of Fire. It has also occurred in
Puerto Rico, Alaska, Hawaii and the Virgin Islands.
What to do in a tsunami emergency When a strong earthquake
is felt, leave the water immediately, get to shore and go as
far away as you can from the beach, fast. If your location
allows it, go to a higher ground. If the area you are in is
mostly flat, go as far inland as you can. If you can spot
the wave, you are too close to escape it, regardless of its
apparent distance.
Tune in to your local radio station, the weather radio or
turn on the TV for news and updates. They will inform you if
there is a tsunami watch or warning issued in your area and
where the emergency centers are.
Locate all members of your family and make sure everyone is
informed. Agree on a place to meet in case you're not
together and make sure it's safe and as far away from the
shore as possible.
If you have family members who have special needs like
elderly people, small children or infants and those with
disabilities, you might want to evacuate early. You might
also want to prepare your pets for moving, so bring
emergency supplies for them as well.
Check your emergency supply kits and bring them with you. It
would be a good idea if they had been regularly restocked
but if not, take what you can or get what is needed if you
still have the time and opportunity. Otherwise, opt to get
water, food and extra clothes instead.
You might want to secure your house, but remember that this
is the last priority. Your life and that of your family's
are the most important considerations during a tsunami
emergency. Expect items in your house to be swept away and
if you could still secure them, do so.
Tsunami watch vs. tsunami warning A tsunami watch is
different from a tsunami warning. A tsunami watch means that
the presence of a dangerous tsunami is not yet confirmed or
verified, although it is possible there is one. It also
includes predictions on what time the tsunami is expected
and where it will possibly strike.
A tsunami warning means that there is a confirmed tsunami in
your area and it could be close. The warning will include
the time at which the tsunami is expected and which areas
are affected.
As a last emergency tip... If you find yourself under the
mercy of an incoming wave, climb onto the rooftop of your
house or on the highest point of the nearest structure and
brace yourself. Hold on tightly to anything that's strong
and stable enough. Climb a tree if you have to and don't let
go.
If you're already in the water, grab a floating object that
can hold your weight and hold onto it until you can reach
stable ground or when help is available. Grab onto anything
that is firm and strive to get out of the water as much as
possible. The current will be strong and there could be
heavy and sharp debris in the water that could crash into
you.
Tsunamis, like most things nature produces, are
uncontrollable. The only advantage is that they do come with
a warning (a strong earthquake). The only way to survive it
is to be prepared, be ready to go and to keep your wits
about you.
For tips on volcano facts and tsunami facts, visit the
Natural Disasters Facts website.
